:root{--hue: 210;--bgurl: url("/~amitp/transparent-blob.png")}/*! CSS Copyright 2007-2023 by amitp@cs.stanford.edu (Amit J. Patel)  *//*! I don't mind if you copy my stylesheet.  However, I'd appreciate it if you gave me credit. */body{--serif: "Iowan Old Style",Cambria,Georgia,serif;--sans-serif: "Avenir Next",Candara,Ubuntu,"Fira Sans",system-ui,"Segoe UI",sans-serif;--monospace: "Roboto Mono","Cascadia Code",Consolas,monospace,"Segoe UI Symbol",Symbol;--body-width: calc(100vw - 2.25rem);--font-size: calc(0.625rem + 1vw);--line-height: calc(1.5 * var(--font-size));font-family:var(--sans-serif);font-size:var(--font-size);line-height:1.5em;min-height:95%}@media (min-width: 34.375em){body{--body-width: min(20.6rem + 33vw, 41.25rem);--font-size: calc(var(--body-width) / 33)}}main{font-family:var(--serif)}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,figcaption,.sans-serif{font-family:var(--sans-serif);text-wrap:balance}tt,code,kbd,samp,pre{font-family:var(--monospace);font-size:0.8em}pre :is(tt, code, kbd, samp){font-size:unset}#table-of-contents{background-color:#fff;padding-left:1em;width:18em;float:right}#table-of-contents:after{clear:right}nav,#table-of-contents{font-family:var(--sans-serif);font-size:calc(var(--font-size) / 1.25)}nav a,#table-of-contents a{text-decoration-color:hsl(var(--hue), 20%, 90%)}@media screen{header,section>h2{text-shadow:0px 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.8);text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}}h1{font-size:2.0em;margin:0;line-height:calc(1.5 * var(--line-height))}h1 .subheading{font-size:0.5em;line-height:var(--line-height)}sup,sub{position:relative;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:0.75em;line-height:0;padding-left:0.125em}sup{top:-0.5em}sub{bottom:-0.25em}details summary{cursor:pointer}*{box-sizing:border-box}html,body{margin:0;padding:0}html{background-color:#e4e4e0;color:#000}body{background-color:#fff;color:#333}header{display:block;text-align:center}header>h1{padding-top:var(--line-height)}@media screen{header,footer,.divider,section>h2{color:#fff;background-color:hsl(var(--hue), 50%, 45%);background-image:var(--bgurl), var(--bgurl);background-position:0 0, 16px 16px;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}header a,footer a,.divider a,section>h2 a{color:hsl(var(--hue), 40%, 90%);background:unset;text-decoration:none}header a:hover,footer a:hover,.divider a:hover,section>h2 a:hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.5);text-decoration:underline}}footer a,.divider a{text-decoration:underline}main{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;padding-left:0;padding-right:0}section{margin:var(--line-height) 0}section>*{width:var(--body-width);max-width:100%}.comments{width:calc(1.5 * var(--body-width));max-width:100%}@media screen{.comments,.below-divider{background-color:#e6e6e5}}.comments{padding-bottom:1.25em;font-size:1.0em}.comments .comment-author{text-shadow:1px 1px 3px #fff}section>h2{--h2-margin: 3em;--h2-padding: 0.5em;margin:var(--line-height) auto;padding:calc(var(--line-height) / 2 - 1px) 0;font-size:1.25em;width:calc(2 * var(--h2-margin) + var(--body-width));max-width:100%}section>h2>span{display:inline-block;margin-left:var(--h2-margin)}section>h2 a.anchor{float:right;width:var(--h2-margin);padding-right:var(--h2-padding);text-align:center;color:hsl(var(--hue), 50%, 45%)}section>h2:hover a.anchor{color:hsl(var(--hue), 20%, 80%)}h3{--h2-margin: 3em;margin:var(--line-height) auto;font-size:1.125em}h3 a.anchor{float:right;width:var(--h2-margin);padding-right:0.5em;text-align:center;color:hsl(var(--hue), 20%, 80%)}@media (min-width: 34.375em){h3 a.anchor{margin-right:calc(0em - var(--h2-margin))}}h4 a.anchor,h5 a.anchor,h6 a.anchor{padding-left:1em;color:hsl(var(--hue), 20%, 80%)}h3:hover,h4:hover a.anchor,h5:hover a.anchor,h6:hover a.anchor{color:hsl(var(--hue), 50%, 40%)}header nav{display:block}header nav ul{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;justify-content:center;line-height:1.0;margin:0}header nav ul li{display:inline-block;padding:0.1em 0.3em;text-align:center;flex:0 0 4em;align-self:center;white-space:nowrap}header nav ul li a{display:block;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:none}header,.divider,section>h2{border-bottom:1px solid #000}.divider,section>h2{border-top:1px solid #000}.divider{min-height:calc(2 * var(--line-height));text-align:center}.below-divider{padding-top:var(--line-height);border-bottom:1px solid black}.below-divider>p:first-child{font-size:1.25em;text-align:center;margin-top:0}footer{--footer-padding-y: calc(var(--line-height) / 2);--footer-padding-x: var(--font-size);padding:var(--footer-padding-y) var(--footer-padding-x);border-top:1px solid #000}footer>div>address{display:block}footer>div>*{text-align:center}@media (min-width: 50em){footer>div{margin:0 auto;display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;justify-content:center;max-width:calc(2 * var(--body-width));width:calc(100vw - 2 * var(--footer-padding-x))}footer>div>address{flex:0 1 20em;align-self:center;text-align:left}footer>div>div{flex:1 1 20em;align-self:center;text-align:right}footer>div>div>p,footer>div>div>div{margin-top:0}}h2:target{animation:target-attention 0.4s 1;font-size:2.0em}@keyframes target-attention{0%{transform:scale(1.1)}100%{transform:scale(1.1)}}div:target{border:1px dashed #888}kbd kbd{padding:0.1em 0.4em;margin:0 0.1em 0.2em 0.1em;font-size:0.75em;white-space:nowrap;background-color:#ddd;color:#242;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.2);border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:inset 0 0 1px 1px #fff,0 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.3)}samp,kbd{background-color:#f3f3f2}code,samp{color:#442}kbd{margin:0 0.4em;color:#252}section li::marker{font-family:var(--sans-serif);color:hsl(var(--hue), 50%, 40%)}img{max-width:100%;height:auto;-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic}section figcaption{font-size:0.75em;line-height:1.1;text-align:center}a{color:hsl(var(--hue), 50%, 45%);text-decoration-color:hsl(var(--hue), 20%, 80%)}a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:hsl(var(--hue), 50%, 45%);background:hsla(var(--hue), 50%, 50%, 0.1)}:focus{outline-color:hsl(var(--hue), 50%, 45%)}.draft{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:calc(4 * var(--font-size));letter-spacing:-0.1em;color:#eee;opacity:0.5;text-align:center;transform:rotate(-5deg);line-height:1.0;position:absolute;top:0;height:0;left:25%;width:50%;pointer-events:none}@media (min-width: 34.375em){section p,section li{hanging-punctuation:first last}p,nav,figure,td,th,abbr,acronym,code,kbd,samp,tt,var,pre{hyphens:auto}}.w-auto,section>.w-auto{width:auto}.w-full,section>.w-full{width:100%}.select-none{user-select:none;-webkit-user-select:none}.text-left{text-align:left}.text-center{text-align:center}.text-right{text-align:right}.text-sm{font-size:0.875em}.font-sans{font-family:var(--sans-serif)}.font-serif{font-family:var(--serif)}.font-mono{font-family:var(--monospace)}p,figure,ul,ol{margin:var(--line-height) 0}header>*,section>*,footer>*,main>address,.comments{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}figure{text-align:center}figure pre{text-align:left}li>ul,li>ol{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}figure img,figure svg,figure canvas{max-width:100%}dt{font-weight:bold}pre{width:var(--body-width);max-width:100%;line-height:1.4;overflow:auto;border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;border-left-width:0;border-right-width:0}pre.simple,.comments pre{overflow:auto;width:calc(var(--body-width) * 1.2);border:none;background:transparent;background-color:transparent;box-shadow:none}pre.snippet,pre.src{border-top-style:dashed;border-bottom-style:dashed}section>pre:only-child{padding-bottom:var(--font-size);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.5)}blockquote{font-style:italic;text-wrap:balance}table.standard{font-family:var(--sans-serif);font-size:0.875em;border:2px solid white;border-collapse:collapse;overflow-x:auto}table.standard th{background-color:#e8e8e3;border:2px solid white;padding:0 0.5em}table.standard td{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #f3f3f2;border-right-color:#babaab;padding:0 0.5em}table.standard thead{border-bottom:2px solid #babaab}table.standard thead th{background:linear-gradient(to top, #e8e8e3, #f4f4f1, #fafaf9)}aside,p.note,div.note>p{width:calc(--body-width - 2em);padding:1em;background:#eee;border:1px solid #ddd;box-shadow:0 8px 6px -6px rgba(0,0,0,0.4)}tt,code{padding:0 2px}pre :is(tt, code){padding:unset}main>address,section>address,section>time{display:block;width:var(--body-width);max-width:100%;font-family:var(--sans-serif);text-align:right}form{margin:0}input{accent-color:hsl(var(--hue), 50%, 50%)}input[type="text"]{max-width:100%;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.7);background-color:#f8f8f4;color:#000;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}input[type="text"]:focus{background-color:#fffff4}input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#aaa}input::-moz-placeholder{color:#aaa}input[type="search"][name="q"]{box-shadow:inset 0 0.1em 0.3em 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5);border-radius:0.6em;padding:0.3em 0.6em;border-width:0}.TODO{color:#bf4040;background:#e8e3e3;border:1px solid #bf4040;margin-left:0.5ex}.DONE{color:#4040bf;background:#e3e3e8;border:1px solid #4040bf}.src .constant{font-style:oblique}.src .comment-delimiter,.src .nxml-comment-delimiter{color:#4488ff}.src .comment,.src .nxml-comment-content{color:#006699}.src .builtin{color:#508b20}.src .warning{color:#cc0000}.src .function-name{color:#268bd2;font-weight:bold}.src .variable-name{font-weight:bold;color:#5c3d5c}.src .type{color:#6c71c4}.src .constant-face{color:#d33682}.src .doc{color:#666666;background-color:#e2e6e8}.src .string{color:#888888}.src .preprocessor{color:#859900}.src .negation-char,.src .sh-escaped-newline{color:#ff0000}.src .todo{color:#ffffff;background:#dc322f}.src .note{color:#ffffff;background:#2aa198}.src .hack{color:#ffffff;background:#859900}.src .paren{color:#a0a090;font-weight:bold}.src .keyword{color:#679;font-weight:bold}.src .minor-control-construct{color:#406abf;font-weight:bold}.src .major-control-construct{color:#bf4040}.src-cpp .constant{color:#999999}.src-emacs-lisp .paren{color:#c9c9c4}.src-sh .string,.src-sh .comment{color:inherit}.src-python .highlight-indentation{border-right:2px solid #eeeeee}.src-css .css-selector{color:#478547}.src-css .css-property{color:#406abf}.src-xml .nxml-element-prefix{color:#bf40bf}.src-xml .nxml-element-local-name{color:#406abf;font-weight:normal}.src-xml .nxml-attribute-local-name{color:#478547}.src-xml .nxml-element-colon{color:#a3adc2}.src-xml .nxml-tag-delimiter,.src-xml .nxml-tag-slash{color:#9cabc9;font-weight:bold}table.standard td.left,table.standard th.left{text-align:left}table.standard td.center,table.standard th.center{text-align:center}table.standard td.right,table.standard th.right{text-align:right}@media screen{*[class^="section-number"]{color:hsl(var(--hue), 20%, 50%)}h2 .section-number{display:inline-block;margin-left:0;padding-left:0.5em;text-align:center;width:var(--h2-margin);color:hsl(var(--hue), 50%, 80%)}h2 .section-number+span{margin-left:0}h3 .section-number{float:left;text-align:center;width:2em;margin-right:0.5em;color:hsl(var(--hue), 25%, 90%);background:hsl(var(--hue), 50%, 50%);border-radius:0.25em;text-shadow:0px 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.8)}}@media screen and (min-width: 34.375em){h3 .section-number{background:url(https://www.redblobgames.com/img/svg-blob-mini.svg) no-repeat center center;background-size:2em 2em;height:2em;margin-left:-2.5em;margin-top:-0.3em;padding-top:0.3em}}.print-endnote{display:none}@media print{@page{margin:1in}body{--font-size: 13pt;--body-width: 100vw;--serif: "Book Antiqua", "Times New Roman", serif;--sans-serif: "Helvetica", sans-serif;--monospace: "Courier", "Courier New", monospace}h2,h3{page-break-after:avoid}figure{page-break-inside:avoid}p,li{orphans:5;widows:5}section p a,section li a{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#ddd}header nav,.comments{display:none}.print-endnote{display:unset}.print-endnote li{list-style-type:none;word-break:break-all}.print-endnote img{width:2.5em;vertical-align:bottom}}nav.sidebar{position:absolute;width:15rem;right:0;background:white}#sidebar-toggle-checkbox,#sidebar-toggle-label{display:none}@media (max-width: 75em){nav.sidebar{position:relative}#sidebar-toggle-checkbox{display:none;width:100%;height:2em}#sidebar-toggle-label{display:block;text-align:center;font-size:150%;font-weight:bold;background:#eee;border:1px outset #ddd;border-radius:0.25em;width:100%;padding:0.25em 0}#sidebar{display:none}#sidebar-toggle-checkbox:checked~#sidebar{display:unset}}#blog h2 a{text-decoration:none}#blog-pager,.post-feeds{margin:0 auto;padding:0.5em 0;font-family:var(--sans-serif);text-align:center}.byline{text-align:right}.below-divider,.widget>section{background-color:#e4e4e0;margin:0}.comment-body{padding:0 1em}.comment-body>p:first-child{margin-top:0}.comment-form{padding-left:1.25em;border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:0.25em;background-color:#eee}body .PopularPosts .widget-content ul li{float:left;margin:1em 3em;padding:0;width:25em;list-style-type:none}body .PopularPosts h3{display:none}.blogger-labels{text-align:right;font-size:small}.blogger-labels a[rel="tag"]{padding:0.2em 0.6em;color:#fff;font-family:var(--sans-serif);font-weight:bold;text-decoration:none;text-shadow:-1px -1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);background-color:hsl(var(--hue), 50%, 45%);border:1px outset hsl(var(--hue), 50%, 45%);border-top-right-radius:5px 10px;border-bottom-right-radius:5px 10px;border-top-left-radius:5px 10px;border-bottom-left-radius:5px 10px;box-shadow:1px 1px 2px #000}.blogger-labels a[rel="tag"]:hover{box-shadow:2px 2px 2px #000}.blogger-labels a[rel="tag"]:before,.status-msg-body b:before,#Label1 .widget-content a:before{content:" #"}#Label1 ul li span:first-child,#Label1 ul li b:first-child{font-weight:bold}#Label1 ul li span:first-child:before,#Label1 ul li b:first-child:before{content:" #"}nav #Label1 li{list-style-type:none}